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Much of the literature around trust distinguishes between particularized trust, which is limited to an individual's own observations and experience over time of a particular actor's trustworthiness, and generalized trust, which may be extended to all individuals and institutions resembling those of whom one has direct experience.
Negative social capital has long been associated with a tendency towards particularized trust - that is, a propensity to trust mainly or even only those to whom one is related by kinship or personal acquaintance, or who share membership of a known common grouping such as a church or association.
Particularized trust may be partly the product of a risky external environment, where it is prudent not to trust strangers.
At first sight, then, it seems that bonding social capital (combined perhaps with particularized trust) is to blame for social capital's dark side.
The association between particularized trust and political or economic corruption is fairly well established (e.g.
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